Neck and headache—Do we see paths through the jungle? An overview and an hypothesis

Background and overview: It is widely accepted that cervicogenic headache (CEH) originates in the neck. In many circles, it is also accepted that neck–tongue syndrome belongs to the headaches that have their origin in the neck. For many headache researchers, the list: “headaches stemming from the neck” ends here. The objective of this overview was to explore the field and to determine whether there are grounds for adding other headaches to this list.Discussion: We suggest that headaches stemming from the neck possibly consist of five different subgroups: CEH, neck–tongue syndrome, tractor drivers’ headache, posterior headache subsequent to protracted neck-ache, and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania with mechanical attack precipitation. An overview of the clinical characteristics of each putative subgroup with comments is given.