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Objective:   Celastrol is a compound extracted from a medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii which has a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory effect in traditional medicine. However, the effect of celastrol on acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still unknown.Methods:   We reported that celastrol alleviated LPS-induced acute lung injury by H&amp;E staining, MPO activity and the expression of cytokines in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. The effect of celastrol on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) after LPS treatment was measured by ELISA and Western blotting.Results:   In vivo, celastrol reduced the LPS-induced lung edema and MPO activity of lung tissue. Furthermore, the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and KC in bronchoalveolar lavage was reduced. In vitro, upon treatment of LPS, celastrol dose-dependently inhibited the expression of iNOS in BMDMs. Meanwhile, the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and KC in BMDMs were also inhibited by celastrol treatment. Furthermore, we found that celastrol attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and MK2, and inhibited the interaction between p38 MAPK and MK2.Conclusion:   Our data indicate that celastrol has an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro, suggesting celastrol is a promising compound for the treatment of ALI and ARDS.

Celastrol alleviates LPS-induced inflammation in BMDMs and acute lung injury in mice via inhibition of p-38 MAPK/MK2 signaling