Cross-sectional associations between inflammation, sickness behaviour, health anxiety and self-rated health in a Swedish primary care population

This study investigated associations between inflammatory markers, sickness behaviour, health anxiety and self-rated health in 311 consecutive primary care patients. Poor self-rated health was associated with high sickness behaviour ( ρ  = 0.28, P  < 0.001; ρ  = 0.42, P  = 0.003) and high health anxiety ( ρ  = 0.31, P  < 0.001; ρ  = –0.32, P  = 0.003). High levels of interleukin 6 were associated with poor self-rated health in men ( ρ  = 0.26, P  = 0.009). Low levels of interleukin-6 were associated with poor self-rated health in women ( ρ  = –0.15, P  = 0.04), but this association was non-significant when adjusted for health anxiety ( ρ  = –0.08, P  = 0.31). These results are consistent with the theory that interoceptive processes draw on both inflammatory mediators and the state of sickness behaviour in inferring health state.