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With the rapid development of data centers in smart cities, how to reduce energy consumption and how to raise economic benefits and network performance are becoming an important research subject. In particular, data center networks do not always run at full load, which leads to significant energy consumption. In this article, we focus on the energy-efficient routing problem in software-defined network–based data center networks. For the scenario of in-band control mode of software-defined data centers, we formulate the dual optimal objective of energy-saving and the load balancing between controllers. In order to cope with a large solution space, we design the deep Q-network-based energy-efficient routing algorithm to find the energy-efficient data paths for traffic flow and control paths for switches. The simulation result reveals that the deep Q-network-based energy-efficient routing algorithm only trains part of the states and gets a good energy-saving effect and load balancing in control plane. Compared with the solver and the CERA heuristic algorithm, energy-saving effect of the deep Q-network-based energy-efficient routing algorithm is almost the same as the heuristic algorithm; however, its calculation time is reduced a lot, especially in a large number of flow scenarios; and it is more flexible to design and resolve the multi-objective optimization problem.

DQN-based energy-efficient routing algorithm in software-defined data centers