Once-Daily Intraperitoneal Gentamicin is Effective Therapy for Gram-Negative Capd Peritonitis

Objective To report our 3-year experience with the use of once-daily intraperitoneal (IP) gentamicin in the treatment of gram-negative continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis.Design A prospective cohort study in prevalent CAPD patients.Setting A tertiary care institution.Patients All CAPD patients who presented with new episodes of peritonitis were studied. At presentation with peritonitis, IP vancomycin and gentamicin were administered as empirical therapy. IP gentamicin was given at a single daily dose of 40 mg/2 L in the overnight bag. The antimicrobial agents were reviewed when the culture results became available. Intraperitoneal ceftazidime was added for the treatment of pseudomonas peritonitis.Main Outcome Measures Results of microbiological cultures and clinical outcomes of peritonitis were analyzed.Results Over a 36-month period, 190 episodes of peritonitis were recorded, of which 62/190 episodes (32.6%) isolated gram-negative organisms. The gram-negative organisms isolated were Escherichia coli , 15/62 episodes (24.1%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 12/62 episodes (19.4%); Acinetobacter spp , 12/62 episodes (19.4%); Klebsiella spp , 10/62 episodes (16.1%); and others, 13/62 episodes (21.0%). The overall treatment success rate was 66.1%. The treatment success rates were 74.0% if pseudomonas infections were excluded, 76.1% if gentamicin-resistant pathogens were excluded, and 80.5% if both pseudomonas infections and gentamicin-resistant pathogens were excluded.Conclusions Once-daily IP gentamicin appears to be effective in the treatment of gram-negative CAPD peritonitis.