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Objective   Perioperative cardiovascular events constitute the majority of complications in noncardiac surgery. Older and female patients have been less investigated. We aimed to evaluate differences in perioperative cardiovascular outcomes by age and sex.Methods   We enrolled 1079 patients (57.5 ± 17.0 years, 42.6% women) undergoing intra-abdominal surgery from July 2007 to June 2008 and compared occurrence of perioperative cardiac events by age (≥65 vs. &lt;65 years) and sex. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between age, sex, and outcomes.Results   Age ≥65 years was associated with perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) (odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–6.6) and total cardiovascular events (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.2). Age ≥65 years was associated with higher perioperative MI risks in men (OR 4.7, 95% CI: 1.3–17.6) than in women (OR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2–8.3). Advanced age was associated with heart failure in women (OR 13.9, 95% CI: 1.7–110.5). Female sex was a risk factor for heart failure in elderly patients (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1–15.7).Conclusions   Advanced age appeared to be associated with increased perioperative cardiac risk but differed by sex. Tailored strategies should be considered with respect to the patient’s sex.

journal of international medical research

Differences in perioperative cardiovascular outcomes in elderly male and female patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery: a retrospective cohort study