Open AccessTHE ROLE OF CONFIDENCE‐BUILDING MEASURES IN THE EVOLUTION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND INDIA
Author(s) -
Haider Muhammad W.,
Azad Tahir M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
world affairs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.159
H-Index - 14
ISSN - 1940-1582
DOI - 10.1177/00438200211030222
Subject(s) - independence (probability theory) , politics , political science , international relations , strengths and weaknesses , political economy , development economics , sociology , law , economics , social psychology , psychology , mathematics , statistics
This article critically analyzes the role of confidence‐building measures (CBMs) in the evolution of relations between Pakistan and India. Relations between these two nuclear‐armed states remain in turmoil even after 73 years of independence. The study begins with an overview of the relations/conflicts and a brief history of diplomatic engagements between the two countries since independence from British rule in 1947. We explain the theoretical framework of CBMs by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the CBMs approach. Subsequently, we analyze several significant confidence‐building initiatives between the two countries in various domains of bilateral relations and identify the spoilers affecting relations between the two countries. Research suggests that Pakistan and India require a comprehensive and integrated approach for CBMs in political, military, economic, environmental, and social domains to foster an environment of mutual trust and peaceful coexistence.