Evaluating Cloud Frequency of Occurrence and Cloud-Top Height Using Spaceborne Lidar Observations

A strategy for model evaluation using spaceborne lidar observations is presented. Observations from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System are recast onto the model grid to assess the ability of two versions of the Integrated Forecasting System to model marine stratocumulus clouds. The two model versions differ primarily in their treatment of clear and cloudy boundary layers. For each grid column, a representative cloud fraction and cloud-top height are derived from the observations, as well as from the model. By applying the same threshold criteria for cloud fraction and cloud-top height independently to model and observations, samples containing marine stratocumulus clouds can be identified. The frequency of occurrence, cloud fraction, and cloud-top height distributions for all samples thus identified are compared. The evaluation shows improvements in the frequency of occurrence and cloud-top height of marine stratocumulus, though modeled cloud tops remain lower than observed. Additional runs reveal a sensitivity to the strength of the environmental mixing that occurs during the test parcel ascent of the boundary layer parameterization. With a more aggressive parcel, the modeled clouds agree even better with observations.