Properties of the Impact of Vision Impairment and Night Vision Questionnaires Among People With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose To explore the psychometric properties of the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI-28) and Night Vision Questionnaires (NVQ-10) among people with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). Methods Baseline responses were collected from 288 participants (aged 50–88 years, 74% female) in the Laser intervention in Early stages of Age-related macular Degeneration (LEAD) study in Australia and Northern Ireland. Psychometric properties (discrimination, ordering of thresholds, person separation, item miss-fit, and differential item functioning according to sex) were explored using grouped rating scale and partial credit models. Spearman's correlation was estimated to assess the association with measures of visual function (mean mesopic microperimetric sensitivity, best-corrected visual acuity, low-luminance visual acuity, and low-luminance deficit). The psychometric properties were then explored following recalibration of the instruments. Results In this homogenous population, ceiling effects caused by relatively high levels of functional vision were evident for both instruments. The IVI-28 and NVQ-10 displayed suboptimal discrimination between levels of functional vision in iAMD and poor targeting among people with iAMD. The correlation between ability scores and measures of visual function was mild. In general, the NVQ-10 showed superior psychometric properties to the IVI-28 among these participants. No significant improvement in reliability could be gained following recalibration. Conclusions Both instruments were designed for populations with more severe visual loss and poorly discriminate in this cohort of iAMD. Translational Relevance New instruments that can capture the subtle changes in functional vision that occur early in AMD are required to aid evaluation of emerging interventions for iAMD.