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Purpose  Using data from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study, we examined the relationship between adherence to patching and parenting stress.    Methods  Caregivers completed the Parenting Stress Index 3 months after surgery ( n  = 106), after a visual acuity assessment at 12 months of age ( n  = 97), and at 4.25 ( n  = 96) years of age. Patching was reported in quarterly telephone interviews and annual 7-day patching diaries, and averaged across all assessments prior to and in the 6 months following the first stress assessment, and for 6 months before and after the other two stress assessments. The association was assessed using linear regression.    Results  Caregivers reporting the highest stress levels 3 months after surgery (i.e., 75th percentile) subsequently reported approximately three-quarters (0.87, 95% confidence interval −1.3 to −0.34) of an hour a day less patching than caregivers reporting the least stress (i.e., the 25th percentile) after controlling for prior patching and other confounders. The association was in the same direction, but not statistically significant, after the second stress assessment and was not apparent at 4.25 years of age. In contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find evidence that higher levels of patching were associated with subsequent increases in parenting stress.    Conclusions  Three months after surgery, higher levels of parenting stress are associated with poorer adherence to patching, and thus stress may contribute to early adherence to patching.    Translational Relevance  Clinicians may wish to provide support to caregivers exhibiting high levels of stress since it may impact their ability to adhere to prescribed patching.

Parenting Stress and Adherence to Occlusion Therapy in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial