A Perspective of AMD Through the Eyes of Immunology

Despite strong genetic associations, compelling human histological data and numerous hypotheses generated with supportive animal data, the mechanisms of inflammation or inflammatory control of cell health during progression of age-related macular degeneration arguably remain elusive. This perspective delivers a view that maintaining tissue health requires active immune cellular and tissue pathways, but when responses are perturbed or exaggerated, chronic inflammation is destructive. There are potential pathways and processes to enable understanding and determine how potential causative factors including altered cellular metabolism, senescence, oxidative stress disrupt tissue homeostasis are engaged. Establishing differences in the immune phenotype between normal aging and AMD, and how the inter-relatedness of these triggers contribute to pathobiology is integral for future therapeutic success.