Stalinism and Revolution in Universities: Democratization of Higher Education from Above, 1947–1956
Author(s) -
Agata Zysiak
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
studia litteraria et historica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2299-7571
DOI - 10.11649/slh.2044
Subject(s) - democratization , intelligentsia , peasant , higher education , political science , grassroots , autonomy , nonconformist , politics , economic growth , public administration , democracy , sociology , economics , law
Stalinism and Revolution in Universities: Democratization of Higher Education from Above, 1947–1956 The first postwar decade in Poland saw a rebuilding of the whole country, including the school system and higher education. Higher education institutions were to mold a new intelligentsia, coming from a wider social background. Initial grassroots efforts to change the elite character of universities were eclipsed from 1947 by a reform introduced from above. On the one hand, the reform curtailed the autonomy of universities and increased censorship and political control; on the other hand, however, its aim was to make university education available on an unprecedented scale to people from the working and peasant classes. This article offers a survey of tools through which this “democratization” of access to higher education was implemented, such as a new admissions process, the induction year and preparatory courses. It also shows how these tools changed the students’ social backgrounds, albeit without permanently altering the general picture of higher education in Poland. Stalinizm i rewolucja na uczelniach – odgorna demokratyzacja dostepu do edukacji wyzszej 1947 – 1956 Pierwsza powojenna dekada to czas odbudowy calego kraju, w tym systemu edukacji, i reformy szkolnictwa wyzszego. Uczelnie mialy stac sie miejscami budowy nowej inteligencji o egalitarnym pochodzeniu. Początkowo oddolne starania, by zmienic elitarny charakter uniwersytetow, od 1947 roku zostaly zdominowane przez odgorną reforme edukacji. Z jednej strony oznaczala ona ograniczenie autonomii uczelni, zwiekszenie cenzury i politycznej kontroli, z drugiej jednak miala na celu umozliwienie studiowania osobom z klasy robotniczej i chlopskiej na niespotykaną wcześniej skale. Artykul stanowi przegląd narzedzi „demokratyzacji” dostepu do szkolnictwa wyzszego, takich jak nowy proces rekrutacji, rok wstepny i kursy przygotowawcze. Pokazuje takze, jak zmienily one spoleczne pochodzenie studentow, a jednak nie zmienily trwale oblicza szkolnictwa wyzszego.
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