Comparative Study of the Voltage Stability of an Hight Voltage Power Grid: Case of the Power Grid of the Electric Community of Benin

The voltage profile at the buses of an higth voltage power grid makes it possible to predict the voltage stability of said power grid in order to guarantee production-consumption adequacy. The study presented in this paper is initially restricted to the variation of the active power demand of a consumption bus (PQ) in order to obtain the voltage profile of the entire electricity transmission network. Then, it makes it possible to predict the limit of the maximum increase in power demand at a PQ bus with the corresponding voltage level of all the other buses in order to anticipate the instability of the voltages liable to cause the collapse of the network. Finally, to correct the voltage levels linked to the observed instability, the study proposes the comparison by voltage sensitivity factors of two types of compensation such as shunt compensation and compensation by adding reactance to the line. transmission. The Newton-Raphson method coupled with Predictor-Corrector methods was used for the Continuation Power Flow (CPF) on the electricity transmission network of the Benin Electric Community (CEB). The results from the bus voltage profile curves for the case of the CEB power grid have shown that the two types of compensation make it possible to recover the lost voltage stability. However, shunt compensation is best due to its lower voltage stability sensitivity factor. This study has the advantage of allowing the power grid operator to anticipate the instability of the tensions in the power grid in order to avoid its collapse. It thus helps the manager to properly plan the voltage stability of his power grid.