Neotypification and phylogeny of Kalmusia

Kalmusia ebuli , the type species of Kalmusia , lacks type material and therefore its phylogenetic position remains unresolved. As a consequence the familial position of Kalmusia is based on morphology and molecular phylogeny of species other than the type. A fresh collection of K. ebuli , recently obtained from decorticated wood of Populus tremula in the foothills of the French Pyrenees is, therefore, designated as neotype to stabilize the application of the species and/or genus name. The holotype of K . ebuli f. sarothamni represents a synonym of K . ebuli . The genus Kalmusia is shown to be polyphyletic within the family Montagnulaceae, with K . ebuli being distant from K . brevispora and K. scabrispora , which appear to represent a different genus.