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Background and Purpose— The development of leptomeningeal collateral artery network might be adversely affected by small vessel wall alteration. We sought to determine whether small vessel disease (SVD) burden may impact collateral development in patients treated by mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. Methods— The patients admitted in our center for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke and (1) treated by mechanical thrombectomy with or without thrombolysis and (2) who underwent a baseline magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. The SVD burden and the pial collaterality were assessed through the cerebral SVD score (severe when ≥1) and the Higashida score (favorable when ≥ 3) on magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography, respectively. Any association between the cerebral SVD score and the collaterality were assessed through comparative and regression analyses. Results— Between January 2013 and March 2018, 240 patients met the inclusion criteria (68.7±16.1 years old; 49.2 % female). The cerebral SVD scores were of 0 in 125 (52.1%), 1 in 74 (30.8%), 2 in 30 (12.5%), and 3 in 11 (4.6%) patients. Hundred and thirty-six patients (58.1%) presented a favorable collaterality score. The favorable collaterality subgroup presented a significantly higher proportion of female (79%), lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (P &lt;0.001), and higher Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores (P &lt;0.001). The regression analyses showed no impact of the cerebral SVD score on the collaterality pattern (odds ratio, 1.11, 95% CI, 0.82–1.50;P =0.51).Conclusions— In patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke, collateral flow status does not seem to be influenced by SVD burden.

Does Small Vessel Disease Burden Impact Collateral Circulation in Ischemic Stroke Treated by Mechanical Thrombectomy?