Catheter-Induced Venous Spasm

Digital subtraction venography provides invaluable anatomic and hemodynamic information about the venous system, particularly in patients with congenital venous anomalies.An 18-year–old male patient with congenital phlebectasia of the superficial and deep veins of the left calf associated with anomalous veins presented with pain and heaviness. Prior to percutaneous occlusion of the ectatic veins, sonographic image demonstrated a patent popliteal vein (Figure 1). Multiple venous accesses were obtained to study the lower extremity venous drainage. Antegrade venography via an anterior tibial vein and retrograde venography via left …