Anticoagulant Use Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background— Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have largely been excluded from trials of antithrombotic therapies leaving little data to guide agent choice in this population. Methods and Results— The National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry was used to identify patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PCI who received monotherapy with either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) (n=71 675). In hospital bleeding and mortality were compared and adjusted using the CathPCI Registry logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations with UFH as the reference. Bivalirudin was used in 51.3% of patients versus 48.7% for UFH. The use of bivalirudin decreased over time, and in 2014, UFH became the most frequently used. Patients receiving UFH were more likely to have an acute coronary syndrome presentation (37.8% versus 27.4%) or have cardiogenic shock (3.74% versus 1.98%). The observed rates for in hospital bleeding (7.0% versus 9.5%; adjusted odds ratio,0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.87) and mortality (2.6% versus 4.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.97) were lower for patients receiving bivalirudin compared with those receiving UFH. Conclusions— In patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PCI, bivalirudin and UFH were used with similar frequency although the patterns of use changed over the enrollment period. Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing PCI had a lower adjusted risk of in hospital outcomes with bivalirudin; however, given the observational nature of this analysis, a randomized trial is warranted.