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Early deterioration of Mitroflow aortic bioprostheses (Sorin Group Inc), particularly small sizes 19 and 21 mm, has been reported.1 Treatment of failing bioprostheses by transcatheter valve-in-valve (VIV) therapy has become an alternative to repeat surgery.2,3 However, VIV treatment is problematic with small surgical bioprostheses because of a further reduction in the effective valve orifice. One way to overcome this challenge may be to fracture the ring of the surgical valve by high-pressure balloon dilatation before implanting a larger size transcatheter valve. The feasibility of this approach was recently reported for an Edwards Perimount bioprosthesis (19 mm) in the pulmonic position.4 We report the first cases in vitro and in man of high-pressure balloon dilatation to fracture the ring of small dysfunctional Mitroflow aortic bioprostheses followed by transcatheter VIV implantation.The Mitroflow bioprosthesis is build from a bovine pericardial sheet sutured to the outside of an acetyl stent to form the leaflets. The sewing ring is made from soft radiopaque silicone covered by a Dacron mesh. Mitroflow 19 and 21 mm prostheses have internal stent ring diameters of 15.4 and 17.3 mm, respectively. In vitro, we gradually inflated a 22 mm high-pressure balloon (ATLAS Gold, Bard, Temple) in an unused …

Fracturing the Ring of Small Mitroflow Bioprostheses by High-Pressure Balloon Predilatation in Transcatheter Aortic Valve-in-Valve Implantation