Lessons From the European Heart Survey

mortality, and due to the demographics of the European population, its incidence is rising continuously. Mortality is still high despite major advances in treatment such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ß-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and cardiac resynchronisation therapy, and significant attempts are under way to further improve our management of patients with heart failure. However, it would appear that in many cases available treatment options are not being applied effectively.