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Contrast Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in the Detection of Right-to-Left Shunts
Author(s) -
Dirk W. Droste,
Karen Silling,
Jörg Stypmann,
Matthias Grude,
Vendel Kemény,
Thomas Wichter,
Karsten Kühne,
E. Bernd Ringelstein
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
stroke
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.397
H-Index - 319
eISSN - 1524-4628
pISSN - 0039-2499
DOI - 10.1161/01.str.31.7.1640
Subject(s) - medicine , transcranial doppler , microbubbles , right to left shunt , valsalva maneuver , contrast (vision) , middle cerebral artery , right to left , ultrasound , shunt (medical) , provocation test , cardiology , radiology , patent foramen ovale , ischemia , blood pressure , pathology , percutaneous , alternative medicine , artificial intelligence , computer science , operating system
Cardiac right-to-left shunts can be identified by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) with the use of contrast agents and a Valsalva maneuver (VM) as provocation procedure. Currently, data on the appropriate timing of the VM, the use of a diagnostic time window, and a threshold in contrast agent microbubbles detected are insufficient.

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