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Power ratios were derived from the principle of ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry to determine a ratio of the volume of vortices to the total vessel volume under the ultrasonic beam. This ratio also equals the ratio of the cross-sectional area of vortices to the vessel lumen. In vitro pulsatile flow experiments were performed in a Reynolds number range of 1,230-4,320 with axisymmetric constrictions with area reductions of 55%, 65%, 70%, and 85% to model carotid stenosis. Flow separation downstream from the model stenoses was detected, and the power ratio fluctuated when vortices with the forward- and reverse-flow velocity components passed by the measurement position. The power ratio estimated the degree of stenosis within 10% of error. Ensemble average of the power ratio was computed to obtain the statistically averaged separated flow region. The moving flow reattachment point was revealed downstream from the 85% stenosis at a Reynolds number of 900.

Detection of moving flow separation in pulsatile flow and the degree of stenosis by power of Doppler shift signals.