Plasma norepinephrine and dietary sodium intake in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension.

To evaluate the relationship between sodium intake and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with essential hypertension, plasma catecholamine levels were measured in 49 essential hypertensive patients and 38 age-matched normal subjects under regular-, high-, and low-sodium diets (mean 24-hour sodium excretions; 116 +/- 8, 267 +/- 29, 31 +/- 7 mEq/day, respectively). The levels of plasma norepinephrine were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in hypertensive patients than in normal subjects. However, they were significantly reduced by high-sodium intake and increased by low-sodium intake in both patients and controls. The percent decrease and change in the absolute plasma norepinephrine levels from low- to high-sodium states were greater in normal subjects than in the hypertensive patients. The results are interpreted as indicating that an abnormal relationship exists between sodium intake and the activity of sympathetic nervous system in patients with essential hypertension.