Reduced calcium sensitivity of dihydropyridine binding to calcium channels in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

To explore the role of calcium channels in hypertension, dihydropyridine ([3H]PN200-110) binding to heart, brain, and skeletal muscle microsomes of 4-, 8- and 15-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was measured. At a constant Ca2+ ion concentration (pCa 3.0), maximal binding (Bmax) of dihydropyridine binding to heart and brain microsomes was significantly enhanced in 8- and 15-week-old SHR compared with WKY rats (p less than 0.01), whereas this phenomenon was not observed in 4-week-old SHR and WKY rats. Bmax and dissociation constant (Kd) values for skeletal muscle microsomes from SHR showed no difference compared with WKY rats irrespective of age. Dihydropyridine binding to heart microsomes, brain microsomes, and solubilized skeletal muscle microsomes exhibited strong calcium dependence. The Ca2(+)-dependent dihydropyridine binding curves for heart showed a Hill slope, and pK 0.5 values for 15-week-old SHR and WKY rats were 0.70 +/- 0.12 and 4.66 +/- 0.12 versus 0.72 +/- 0.12 and 5.66 +/- 0.08 (n = 4, mean +/- SD), respectively, indicating that 15-week-old SHR require 10-fold higher calcium concentration than WKY rats to promote dihydropyridine binding. The pK 0.5 values of calcium for brain and solubilized skeletal muscle calcium channels in 15-week-old SHR were also significantly lower than in WKY rats. This difference first became apparent in SHR and WKY rats as early as 4 and 8 weeks after birth. These results suggest that enhancement of calcium channel density might occur in the heart and brain of SHR in response to elevated blood pressure and that reduced calcium sensitivity of dihydropyridine binding to calcium channels might be a primary characteristic of this rat strain.