Gangrene of the Extremities of Venous Origin

Gangrene of the extremities of venous origin is reviewed; it is a rare but distinct clinicopathologic entity hitherto not widely known. A classification of the cases of thrombophlebitis complicated with gangrene is presented, based on the presence of the peripheral pulses: (1) cases with palpable arteries; (2) cases with nonpalpable but patent arteries. Patency of the entire arterial system of the involved extremity, as verified by anatomic findings, is necessary for correct diagnosis. Complete blockage of the venous system appears to be the initiating and main cause, angiospasm playing a secondary role. The gangrene usually remains superficial and limited. Hence, a conservative surgical attitude is emphasized.