English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The effects of the slow Ca++ channel blocker, nifedipine, and ACAT inhibitor, octimibate, on cholesterol-loaded macrophages were compared at the ultrastructural level. The Ca++ antagonist induced the formation of membrane-surrounded "lamellar bodies" originating from lysosomes. The macrophages secreted these lamellar bodies, which were rich in phospholipids and cholesterol, into the culture medium even in the absence of cholesterol acceptors. In contrast, the ACAT inhibitor induced the formation of lamellar bodies originating from lipid droplets, which were also surrounded by membranes. There is strong evidence that these latter membranes were newly synthesized at the margin of the lipid droplets by the endoplasmic reticulum. The lamellar bodies descending from lipid droplets after ACAT inhibitor treatment were not secreted by the cells. They were stored in the cytoplasmic compartment in the absence of high density lipoproteins (HDL). When HDL were added to the medium, the lamellar bodies specifically interacted with endosomes containing the internalized HDL particles and disappeared concomitantly with an enhanced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. From the biochemical data in the accompanying article and the morphological data here, we conclude that macrophages release cholesterol by two major pathways: 1) an HDL-independent secretion of lamellar bodies containing cholesterol, which originate from lysosomes, and 2) an HDL-dependent release of cholesterol via the formation of lamellar bodies descending from lipid droplets, which intracellularly fuse with HDL-containing endosomes. The cholesterol-enriched HDL are then secreted as intact lipoproteins.

arteriosclerosis

Ca++ antagonists and ACAT inhibitors promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages by different mechanisms. II. Characterization of intracellular morphologic changes.