Visions and the Progress of Science

quence, it is becoming difficult to identify those articles where authors are presenting their visions or concepts. It is the aim of the Journal of Innate Immunity to publish particular articles that address novel approaches or challenge old theories. To achieve this goal, we are dependent on a traditional peer review process involving a competent editorial board that shares our point of view. To this end, the journal publishes contributions which are not mainstream, such as articles dealing with invertebrate immunology [3–6] or with exotic and uncommon pathogens [7–11] , for instance. Along these lines, we also publish articles about exceptional researchers (e.g., Elie Metchnikoff [12] and Paul Ehrlich [13] ) and their visions, as well as important milestones within the field of innate immunity [14] . The Journal of Innate Immunity will celebrate its 10th anniversary next year. So far, we have been very successful with our strategy and thus we will continue with this traditional approach of scientific publishing in the future. Max Planck once concluded that new concepts can only become implemented when the protectionists of the existing outdated theories have died. This is hopefully no longer the case, and therefore we encourage visionaries to use the Journal of Innate Immunity as a forum to spread their views and ideas. Arne Egesten, Lund Heiko Herwald, Lund In 1989 Charles A. Janeway gave a pioneering speech at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Symposium where he discussed his ideas about an innate immune system [1] . In this talk, he predicted the existence of pathogenassociated molecular patterns and, when speculating about the nature of such microbial substances, he concluded: “What kind of ligands or patterns should such non-clonally distributed receptors recognize? I think it is likely that such patterns in molecules are found in many microorganisms... Complex cell wall carbohydrates or lipopolysaccharides are likely ligands” [1] . About 10 years later his prevision was proven to be correct when Bruce Beutler and his team described for the first time that bacterial lipopolysaccharides bind toll-like receptor 4 [2] . Today, we know that Charles A. Janeway’s lecture was the birth of a new era, now referred to as innate immunity, and thanks to his prediction we were able to launch this journal in 2008. However, more than 25 years after that speech and at a time when people are discussing the advantage of fake news and alternatives facts, one tends to forget that visionaries are often responsible for switches in paradigms. This also applies to the scientific world and, therefore, there has to be a platform where new ideas and concepts can be presented. Open access journals have dramatically changed the publishing landscape within recent years and led to an overflow of articles. As a consePublished online: June 22, 2017 Journal of Innate Immunity