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Background/Aims:   To observe the effects of vitrification on spindle, zona pellucida, embryonic aneuploidy and DNA injury in  in vivo -maruted,  in vitro -mature and immature human oocytes.   Methods:   Between January 2009 and February 2015, 223 immature oocytes from 450 infertile patients, and 31  in vivo -mature oocytes from 3 infertile couples were collected. Of the 223 immature oocytes, 113 were used for  in vitro  culture before vitrification. Some oocytes were randomly divided into  in vivo -mature group (group A, n = 15),  in vitro -mature group (group B, n = 88) and immature group (group C, n = 85), and then the oocytes with spindle in these three groups after freezing-thawing were selected to use for Polscope imaging, embryonic aneuploidy screening and embryo development evaluation. Other oocytes were randomly divided into group A (n = 16), group B (n = 25) and group C (n = 25) for detecting DNA injury.   Results:   After thawing, spindle occurrence rate, spindle Retardance value, and cleavage rate were significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C (all  P  &lt; 0.05), but there were no statistical differences in fertility rate, high-quality embryo rate, blastulation rate and aneuploidy rate amongst the three groups (all  P &gt;  0.05). Zona pellucida density (ZPD) was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C both before and after vitrification (all  P  &lt; 0.05). ZPD was significantly higher after thawing than before vitrification (all  P  &lt; 0.05), but zona pellucida thickness (ZPT) was not significantly changed in all the three groups (all  P &gt;  0.05). Rate of comet cells was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C (all  P  &lt; 0.01). Comet tail was significantly longer in group C than in groups B and A (all  P  &lt; 0.05).   Conclusion:    In vivo - and  in vitro -mature human oocytes are more suitable to vitrification than immature human oocytes. Spindle Retardance value has more predictive value for embryonic development potential than ZPD and ZPT.

Effects of Vitrification on Outcomes of In VivoMature, In Vitro-Mature and Immature Human Oocytes