Stereotactic Robotic Application Accuracy Is Very High in 'in vivo' Procedures

cranial deviations. In order to verify the intrinsic accuracy of the stereotactic system, it is therefore advisable to consider the entry point LE as the most important measure. We obtained a median LE of 0.78 mm, with an interquartile range of 0.49–1.08 mm. This result is almost identical to the accuracy reported by Lefranc et al. in 52 frame-based implantations performed in vivo (mean 0.81 mm, SD 0.39 mm). It can also be stressed that we similarly used cone beam computed tomography obtained with the O-arm system (Medtronic) as the reference data set, thus making the data highly comparable. Comparing contemporary studies shows similar accuracies between the two robotic systems. Although the authors point out the earlier development of the Neuromate system, this system has been under continuous development, and this is unlikely a significant difference between the systems. We have used the Neuromate since 2001, and our measures were collected in the period 2008–2011, after the robot had been in use for many years. Despite the old age of the system, the results were optimal. In conclusion, robotic devices are highly accurate and can efficiently assist the surgeon in stereotactic procedures such as SEEG, biopsies and deep brain stimulation.