No Tumor-Free Waiting Period after Treatment of Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Case and Review of the Literature

Most pretransplant malignancies require a tumor-free waiting period before transplantation. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is mostly detected from routine screening during pre-kidney transplant evaluation. RCC must be quiescent prior to kidney transplantation. However, the tumor-free waiting period for RCC varies depending on the types of RCC. Multilocular cystic RCC (MCRCC), one subtype of clear cell RCC, has low malignant potential and may not require a tumor-free waiting period. We report a case of an ESRD patient with a newly diagnosed MCRCC that was found during routine pre-kidney transplant evaluation. A plan for kidney transplantation within 6 months of successful tumor removal by nephrectomy was made. The literature regarding MCRCC in kidney transplantation is reviewed.