Ultrasound in Pulmonology

ribs, which lead to absorption of the ultrasound waves, and is filled with air, which also contributes massively to artifacts. However, due to continuous improvements in science as well technology, transthoracic ultrasound has now established as a standard imaging tool in pulmonary medicine, too [2] . Over the past 7 decades, ultrasound has evolved into a versatile tool in medicine. Over half a century ago, Dussik [1] published one of the first overview articles about this imaging modality. In the following years, its technique and equipment improved, and thus the application of ultrasound firstly flourished in the mid-60s. Meanwhile, it has established itself as a standard imaging technique for diagnostic purposes but also in the guidance for therapeutic interventions such as punctures or drainages for various indications. The success of the technique is due to the technical improvements and the rapid developments in the digital age. Initially, only waves were visible (M-mode images), which are nowadays colored ( fig. 1 ), and sometimes three-dimensional images are visualized on large screens, impressing the examiner as well as the patient. Using online preand postprocessing, even smallest vessels are detectable, and perfusions and abnormalities can be assessed. The latest developments in the field, harmonic imaging, elastography and contrast enhancement, will further enhance its acceptance and application. Based on the development progress and miniaturization of the items involved, smaller devices are available for routine use, and mobile ultrasound systems can be used at the bedside. And what about transthoracic ultrasound? For many years, the lung was a neglected field in sonography. The routine use of ultrasound for pulmonary indications came with a relative delay since the lung is surrounded by Published online: December 21, 2013