Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4: A Review | Zendy

Anna Clementi | Zendy; Grazia Maria Virzì | Zendy; Ching Yan Goh | Zendy; Din. Cruz | Zendy; Antonio Granata | Zendy; Girogio Vescovo | Zendy; Claudio Ronco | Zendy

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Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4: A Review

Author(s) -

Anna Clementi,

Grazia Maria Virzì,

Ching Yan Goh,

Din. Cruz,

Antonio Granata,

Girogio Vescovo,

Claudio Ronco

Publication year - 2013

Publication title -

cardiorenal medicine

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.661

H-Index - 21

eISSN - 1664-3828

pISSN - 1664-5502

DOI - 10.1159/000350397

Subject(s) - cardiorenal syndrome , medicine , kidney disease , pathophysiology , epidemiology , disease , intensive care medicine , renal function , incidence (geometry) , left ventricular hypertrophy , cardiology , blood pressure , physics , optics

There is a bidirectional and complex relationship between the heart and kidneys. This interaction is physical, chemical as well as biological and is also reflected in a strong connection between renal and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4) is characterized by primary chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to an impairment of cardiac function, with ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and/or increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The incidence of CKD is increasing, and CRS type 4 is becoming a major public health problem associated with a high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we briefly review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of CRS type 4, the role of biomarkers in its early identification, and its management.

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