Measures of Effect in Epidemiological Research | Zendy

Giovanni Tripepi | Zendy; Kitty J. Jager | Zendy; Friedo W. Dekker | Zendy; Carmine Zoccali | Zendy

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Measures of Effect in Epidemiological Research

Author(s) -

Giovanni Tripepi,

Kitty J. Jager,

Friedo W. Dekker,

Carmine Zoccali

Publication year - 2010

Publication title -

nephron clinical practice

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.951

H-Index - 72

ISSN - 1660-2110

DOI - 10.1159/000312870

Subject(s) - medicine , absolute risk reduction , relative risk , etiology , odds ratio , risk factor , epidemiology , incidence (geometry) , attributable risk , rate ratio , demography , confidence interval , mathematics , geometry , sociology

The study of the relationship between risk factors and outcomes is important both in etiological and prognostic research. To assess the strength of a given risk factor-outcome relationship we use measures that are calculated in relative and absolute terms. Risk ratio, incidence rate ratio and odds ratio are relative measures of this relationship. Risk difference (or attributable risk) and rate difference (or attributable rate) are absolute measures of the same relationship. Risk difference and rate difference are calculated by subtracting the risk and the incidence rate in exposed individuals from that in unexposed individuals, respectively. The choice of these measures depends on the study aim. Relative measures are commonly used in etiological studies while absolute measures are mainly used in public health research.

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