Ungenauigkeit der Interozeption und Abwendung der Aufmerksamkeit bei Atemwegserkrankungen: Asthma bronchiale versus chronisch obstruktive Bronchitis

The hypothesis that asthmatic patients draw their attention away from bodily processes and show inaccurate interoception with regard to relevant airway obstructions was tested in this study. Additionally, we examined whether this postulated withdrawal of attention can also be generalized for the perception of non-airway related symptoms as well as for private self-consciousness. Accuracy of interoception was measured as the discrepancy between subjective judgement of obstruction and objective obstruction as shown in spirometric tests. Other variables were operationalized by self-reports. Ninety-one patients in a rehabilitation hospital were tested: 30 asthmatic patients, 30 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB), and 31 control subjects without any airway disease. Asthmatic patients showed attention withdrawal only with regard to bronchial airways. However, they also indicated an overestimation of airway obstruction. Surprisingly, deviant results were also found for the COB patients including underestimation of obstructions and lower self awareness. All results were interpreted from the perspective of behavioral medicine.