Bronchus Cardiacus Accessorius Dexter

The diagnosis of bronchus cardiacus accessorius dexter (BCAD) has occurred in 25 cases during the bronchoscopic investigations of 30,000 adult patients of the authors. In most of the cases, this bronchial anomaly has been revealed as an accessory phenomenon, nevertheless, in one of the patients, it was the source of a considerable hemorrhage. In another case reported here in detail, it occurred together with multiple developmental anomalies, such as tracheobronchomegaly, mitral valve prolapse, pectus excavatum, hypoplasy of sinus frontalis on the right side, inguinal hernia on the left side and hyperlipidemia type IV. Family analysis did not confirm the presence of any chromosomal disorders or accumulation of similar developmental anomalies. The forms and frequency of associations of the anomalies are surveyed on the basis of literary data. The recognition of BCAD is of diagnostic importance, since it may explain the persistence of some bronchopulmonary symptoms; furthermore, the exploration of the associated abnormal vascular branches may be very useful in case of an eventual thoracic surgical intervention.