Methods of Checking Printed Circuits

Printed circuits make up to 20 to 40 per cent of the value of electronic circuits. Quality and reliability requirements have been boosted by the general use of complex integrated circuits. An economical and high quality production is preconditioned by the continuous checking of prime materials and technologies. After a brief review of checking methods, a short examination of quality testing of the end product (double - or multilayer printed circuit board) is given, involving checking methods of assembled and non assembled boards.