Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Limbic Encephalitis during Treatment with Atezolizumab in a Patient with Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature | Zendy

Koki Nakashima | Zendy; Yoshiki Demura | Zendy; Kosuke Kurokawa | Zendy; Toshihiro Takeda | Zendy; Norihiro Jikuya | Zendy; Masahiro Oi | Zendy; Toshihiko Tada | Zendy; Masaya Akai | Zendy; Tamotsu Ishizuka | Zendy

Open Access

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Limbic Encephalitis during Treatment with Atezolizumab in a Patient with Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Author(s) -

Koki Nakashima,

Yoshiki Demura,

Kosuke Kurokawa,

Toshihiro Takeda,

Norihiro Jikuya,

Masahiro Oi,

Toshihiko Tada,

Masaya Akai,

Tamotsu Ishizuka

Publication year - 2022

Publication title -

case reports in immunology

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

eISSN - 2090-6609

pISSN - 2090-6617

DOI - 10.1155/2022/9290922

Subject(s) - atezolizumab , medicine , limbic encephalitis , dysphagia , lung cancer , magnetic resonance imaging , cancer , immune system , antibody , pathology , immunotherapy , oncology , immunology , pembrolizumab , radiology , autoantibody

Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) is associated with malignancies, including small-cell lung cancer. Recently, PNS cases among patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors have increased. We herein report a 66-year-old man with SCLC who developed disorientation, dysphagia, and gait disturbance after three courses of treatment with atezolizumab. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high-intensity area in the bilateral temporal lobes. Blood test results were positive for anti-Hu and anti-Zic4 antibodies, which led to the diagnosis of limbic encephalitis as PNS. Some symptoms improved with intravenous administration of steroids and immunoglobulins.

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