Preventive Effect of Hippocampal Sparing on Cognitive Dysfunction of Patients Undergoing Whole-Brain Radiotherapy and Imaging Assessment of Hippocampal Volume Changes

Objective. Preventive effect of hippocampal sparing on cognitive dysfunction of patients undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy and imaging assessment of hippocampal volume changes. Methods. Forty patients with brain metastases who attended Liaoning Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were identified as research subjects and were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 20 cases in each group. The control group was treated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), and the experimental group was treated with hippocampal sparing-WBRT (HS-WBRT). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, cancer quality-of-life questionnaire (QLQ-C3O) score, hippocampal volume changes, and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results. The MoCA scores decreased in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after radiotherapy, with significantly higher scores in the experimental group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). After radiotherapy, both groups had lower ECOG scores, with those in the experimental group being significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). After radiotherapy, the QLQ-C30 score was elevated in both groups, and that of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of the prognosis ( P < 0.05 ). The hippocampal volume of the control group was significantly smaller than that of the experimental group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The application of hippocampal sparing in patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy is effective in preventing cognitive dysfunction, improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients, and avoiding shrinkage of hippocampal volume.