Hyperspectral Image Classification: Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directions

Recent imaging science and technology discoveries have considered hyperspectral imagery and remote sensing. The current intelligent technologies, such as support vector machines, sparse representations, active learning, extreme learning machines, transfer learning, and deep learning, are typically based on the learning of the machines. These techniques enrich the processing of such three-dimensional, multiple bands, and high-resolution images with their precision and fidelity. This article presents an extensive survey depicting machine-dependent technologies’ contributions and deep learning on landcover classification based on hyperspectral images. The objective of this study is three-fold. First, after reading a large pool of Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, SCI, and SCIE-indexed and SCIE-related articles, we provide a novel approach for review work that is entirely systematic and aids in the inspiration of finding research gaps and developing embedded questions. Second, we emphasize contemporary advances in machine learning (ML) methods for identifying hyperspectral images, with a brief, organized overview and a thorough assessment of the literature involved. Finally, we draw the conclusions to assist researchers in expanding their understanding of the relationship between machine learning and hyperspectral images for future research.