Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes | Zendy

Manabu Midorikawa | Zendy; Hiroaki Suzuki | Zendy; Yasuhiro Suzuki | Zendy; Kazuyoshi Yamauchi | Zendy; Hiroyuki Sato | Zendy; Kiyotaka Nemoto | Zendy; Yoko Sugano | Zendy; Hitoshi Iwasaki | Zendy; Motohiro Sekiya | Zendy; Shigeru Yatoh | Zendy; Naoya Yahagi | Zendy; Yasushi Hada | Zendy; Tetsuaki Arai | Zendy; Hitoshi Shimano | Zendy

Open Access

Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Author(s) -

Manabu Midorikawa,

Hiroaki Suzuki,

Yasuhiro Suzuki,

Kazuyoshi Yamauchi,

Hiroyuki Sato,

Kiyotaka Nemoto,

Yoko Sugano,

Hitoshi Iwasaki,

Motohiro Sekiya,

Shigeru Yatoh,

Naoya Yahagi,

Yasushi Hada,

Tetsuaki Arai,

Hitoshi Shimano

Publication year - 2021

Publication title -

journal of diabetes research

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.034

H-Index - 50

eISSN - 2314-6753

pISSN - 2314-6745

DOI - 10.1155/2021/9961612

Subject(s) - balance (ability) , muscle strength , odor , type 2 diabetes , physical medicine and rehabilitation , cognition , identification (biology) , gerontology , diabetes mellitus , function (biology) , medicine , psychology , psychiatry , endocrinology , biology , neuroscience , ecology , evolutionary biology

Aim We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory and physical functions in middle-aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) to examine the potential of olfactory and physical functions as biomarkers for early cognitive impairment.Methods Enrolled were 70 T2D patients (age 40 to <65 y) and 81 age-matched control participants without diabetes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS), and Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed.Results Odor identification was an independent determinant shown in the results of the TMT-A in the entire participant group and was independently associated with the MoCA and TMT-B in the T2D group. Balance capability assessed with a stabilometer was independently associated with all cognitive function tests except for QISD and SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group and was independently associated with TMT-A in the control group. Knee extension strength was independently associated with the SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group.Conclusions Odor identification, balance capability, and knee extension strength were potential markers for cognitive decline in middle-aged persons with T2D.

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