Primary Hyperaldosteronism: A Rare Cause of Malignant Hypertension with Thrombotic Microangiopathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare disease that presents with haemolysis and organ damage. The kidney is one of the main affected organs, and TMA is associated with serious complications and increased mortality. In transplanted patients, TMA is even less common and has a variety of possible causes, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), infections, drugs, autoimmune disease, tumours, and malignant hypertension. Transplant-related causes, such as antibody-mediated rejection, calcineurin inhibitors, and viral infections, need to be considered as well. The authors report a rare case of TMA in a kidney transplant recipient, whose investigation revealed malignant hypertension secondary to primary hyperaldosteronism.