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Microbial production of bioplastics, derived from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), have provided a promising alternative towards plastic pollution. Compared to other extremophiles, halophilic archaea are considered as cell factories for PHB production by using renewable, inexpensive carbon sources, thus decreasing the fermentation cost. This study is aimed at screening 33 halophilic archaea isolated from three enrichment cultures from Tunisian hypersaline lake, Chott El Jerid, using starch as the sole carbon source by Nile Red/Sudan Black staining and further confirmed by PCR amplification of  phaC  and  phaE  polymerase genes. 14 isolates have been recognized as positive candidates for PHA production and detected during both seasons. The identification of these strains through 16S rRNA gene analyses showed their affiliation to  Halorubrum ,  Natrinema , and  Haloarcula  genera. Among them, three PHB-producing strains, CEJ34-14, CEJ5-14, and CEJ48-10, related to  Halorubrum chaoviator ,  Natrinema pallidum , and  Haloarcula tradensis  were found to be the best ones reaching values of 9.25, 7.11, and 1.42% of cell dry weight (CDW), respectively. Our findings highlighted that  Halorubrum ,  Natrinema , and  Haloarcula  genera were promising candidates for PHB production using soluble starch as a carbon source under high salinity (250 g L −1  NaCl).

Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) by Haloarcula, Halorubrum, and Natrinema Haloarchaeal Genera Using Starch as a Carbon Source