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The widespread use of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Plants have played a central role in combating many ailments in humans, and  Parinari curatellifolia  has been used for medicinal purposes. Seven extracts from  P. curatellifolia  leaves were prepared using serial exhaustive extraction of nonpolar to polar solvents. The microbroth dilution method was used to evaluate antimicrobial bioactivities of extracts. Five of the extracts were significantly active against at least one test microbe.  Mycobacterium smegmatis  was the most susceptible to most extracts. The methanol and ethanol extracts were the most active against  M. smegmatis  with an MIC of 25  µ g/mL. The hexane extract was the most active against  Candida krusei  with an MIC of 25  µ g/mL. None of the extracts significantly inhibited growth of  Klebsiella pneumoniae  and  Staphylococcus aureus . Active extracts were selected for fractionation and isolation of pure compounds using gradient elution column chromatography. TLC analyses was carried out for pooling fractions of similar profiles. A total of 43 pools were obtained from 428 fractions. Pools 7 and 10 were selected for further isolation of single compounds. Four compounds, Pc4963r, Pc4962w, Pc6978p, and Pc6978o, were isolated. Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Pc4963r, Pc4962w, and Pc6978p showed that the compounds were most active against  C. krusei  with MFC values ranging from 50 to 100  µ g/mL. Only Pc6978p was shown to be pure. Using spectroscopic analyses, the structure of Pc6978p was determined to be  β -sitosterol. The antifungal effects of  β -sitosterol were evaluated against  C. krusei in vitro  and on fabrics. Results showed that  β -sitosterol reduced the growth of  C. krusei  attached to Mendy fabric by 83%. Therefore,  P. curatellifolia  can be a source of lead compounds for prospective development of novel antimicrobial agents. Further work needs to be done to improve the antifungal activity of the isolated compound using quantitative structure-activity relationships.

Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Phytochemicals from Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae)