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Microbial etiology of diarrhea is a significant cause of death, especially in children in developing countries. The presence of microbes that are resistant to current treatment options for diarrhea suggests the need to find newer antimicrobial agents for treatment. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the antimicrobial effect of some Ghanaian chewing sticks commonly used for oral hygiene,  Azadirachta indica ,  Garcinia afzelii,  and  Garcinia kola , against selected diarrhea-causing organisms. From the stem and bark of each plant, 70% methanolic extract was experimented on  Salmonella  and  Shigella  species, namely,  Shigella sonnei ,  Shigella flexeneri ,  Salmonella typhinirium enterica ,  Salmonella typhi  attenuated, and  Klebsiella oxytoca  for microbial susceptibility using the agar well diffusion method. Additionally, the antioxidant profile of the methanolic extracts were investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS) scavenging activities, and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays, while the total polyphenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteau reagent.  G. afzelii  and  A. indica  stem demonstrated the highest antimicrobial effect, inhibiting the growth of all test organisms. Additionally, the extracts demonstrated high antioxidant potential and were found to possess significant amounts of phenolic compounds. Therefore, methanolic extracts of  G. afzelii  and  A. indica  stem are promising candidates for the identification of safe novel compounds to mitigate diarrheal diseases.

Evaluation of the Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Effects of Some Chewing Sticks Commonly Used for Oral Hygiene in Ghana