Numerical Simulation of Stepped Spillways with Front Step Deformation

In order to solve the flood discharge problem of both small- and medium-sized warping dams in the Loess Plateau, a stepped spillway scheme, based on an ecological bag, to achieve full-section water flow and energy dissipation has been proposed in this paper. The hydraulic and energy dissipation characteristics of a stepped spillway layout scheme were studied using 3D numerical simulation. As the height of the dams is low and the spillways are short, the research has shown that the traditional single-step layout scheme leads to a low overall energy dissipation rate due to the small amount of energy dissipated in the initial steps. As a result of this, this paper has put forward two kinds of step layout schemes such as the shunt type and the staggered type for the initial steps. Through analysis of the flow state, the pressure distribution, and the total energy dissipation rate, the results have shown that shunt type and staggered type with front step deformation produced an obvious mixing of the water flow, fewer negative pressure areas, and a higher energy dissipation rate. The optimal energy dissipation rate of the staggered type reached 87.75%, and the maximum energy dissipation rate was increased by 27.97%.