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The future fertility of males with cancer may be irreversibly compromised by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation is believed to be a way to restore fertility in men. However, the survival efficiency of transplanted cells is still low. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 3 and structural gene Y-linked ( Eif2s3y ) located on the Y chromosome of male animals is a coding gene of eIF2 γ  which mainly functions in translation initiation. Recently, the emerging role of  Eif2s3y  in spermatogenesis has been emphasized in several studies. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In addition, how  Eif2s3y  functions in large animals remains largely unknown. In this study, we obtained the CDS sequence of the  Eif2s3y  gene from the testis of dairy goats and found that this gene was highly expressed in the testis and was evolutionarily conserved among different species. Interestingly, overexpression of  Eif2s3y  promoted the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells of dairy goats by activating the ERK signaling pathway. In animal experiments, overexpressing  Eif2s3y  promoted transplanted goat spermatogonial stem cells and produced more colonies after microinjection into the seminiferous tubules of infertile mice. In conclusion, our study highlights an undiscovered role of  Eif2s3y  in dairy goat reproduction. This finding may provide an important basis for future works regarding male spermatogenic cell restoration and represent a major advance toward surrogate sires becoming a tool for disseminating and regenerating germplasm in all mammals.

Eif2s3y Promotes the Proliferation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells by Activating ERK Signaling