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Syzygium aromaticum  has a diversity of biological activities due to the chemical compounds found in its plant products such as total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The present work describes the chemical analysis and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitrypanosomal activity of the essential oil of  S. aromaticum . Eugenol (53.23%) as the major compound was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.  S. aromaticum  essential oil was more effective against  S. aureus  (MIC 50  μ g/mL) than eugenol (MIC 250  μ g/mL). Eugenol presented higher antioxidant activity than  S. aromaticum  essential oil, with an EC 50  of 12.66 and 78.98  µ g/mL, respectively.  S. aromaticum  essential oil and eugenol exhibited  Trypanosoma cruzi  inhibitory activity, with IC 50  of 28.68 ± 1.073 and 31.97 ± 1.061  μ g/mL against epimastigotes and IC 50  of 64.51 ± 1.658 and 45.73 ± 1.252  μ g/mL against intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Both compounds presented low cytotoxicity, with  S. aromaticum  essential oil displaying 15.5-fold greater selectivity for the parasite than the cells. Nitrite levels in  T. cruzi -stimulated cells were reduced by essential oil (47.01%;  p  = 0.002) and eugenol (48.05%;  p  = 0.003) treatment. The trypanocidal activity of  S. aromaticum  essential oil showed that it is reasonable to use it in future research in the search for new therapeutic alternatives for trypanosomiasis.

GC-MS Characterization of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antitrypanosomal Activity of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil and Eugenol