Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners

Purpose The occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in marathon runners has been poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the risk factors and identify whether these factors can cause LBP in these athletes.Methods A self-developed questionnaire was randomly distributed to 850 runners of running a half or a full marathon. Participants responded with the questionnaire focusing on previous training and running conditions after their competitions.Results On the basis of the remaining 800 valid questionnaires, the incidence of LBP was 4.50% ( n  = 36). A total of 572 (71.5%) males and 228 (28.5%) females, with an average age range of 33.9 ± 9.0 years, came from different occupations with different physical activity characteristics. However, no significant associations between occupation and runners with LBP ( p > 0.05) were found. In the final models, risk factors, including warm-up activities ( p =0.012, OR = 2.617), fatigue ( p  = 0.008, OR = 2.680), running gait posture ( p =0.041, OR = 2.273), and environmental temperature ( p =0.020, OR = 6.584), were significantly associated with LBP in marathoners.Conclusion Although LBP was uncommon in marathoners, it was linked to the factors such as insufficient warm-up activities, fatigue, poor running gait posture, and uncomfortable environmental temperature. Future studies need to validate these results. Nevertheless, these findings could still be useful for protecting the lower back area of runners clinically.