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Background   Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by  Candida  species is a prevalent fungal infection among women. It is believed that the pathogenesis of  Candida  species is linked with the production of biofilm which is considered a virulence factor for this organism. The aim of this study was molecular identification, antifungal susceptibility, biomass quantification of biofilm, and detection of virulence markers of  Candida  species.Methods   We investigated the molecular identification of 70 vaginal isolates of  Candida  species, antifungal resistance to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole according to CLSI M27-A3 and M27-S4, biofilm formation, and frequency analysis of biofilm-related ALS1, ALS3, and HWP1 genes.Results   Our findings showed that the most common yeast isolated from vaginal discharge was  C .  albicans  (67%), followed by the non- Candida albicans  species (33%). All  C .  albicans  complex isolates were confirmed as  C .  albicans  by HWP-PCR, and all isolates of the  C .  glabrata  complex were revealed to be  C .  glabrata sensu stricto  using the multiplex PCR method. FLC resistance was observed in 23.4% of  C .  albicans  and 7.7% of  C .  glabrata . The resistance rate to ITC was found in 10.6% of  C .  albicans . The frequency of ALS1, ALS3, and HWP1 genes among  Candida  species was 67.1%, 80%, and 81.4%, respectively. Biofilm formation was observed in 54.3% of  Candida  species, and the highest frequency detected as a virulence factor was for the ALS3 gene (97.3%) in biofilm-forming species.  Discussion . Our results showed the importance of molecular epidemiology studies, investigating antifungal susceptibility profiles, and understanding the role of biofilm-related virulence markers in the pathogenesis of  Candida  strains.

Analysis of Biofilm-Related Genes and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Vaginal Candida albicans and Non-Candida albicans Species