Differential Expression Profiles and Function Prediction of Transfer RNA-Derived Fragments in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

Background The present study is aimed at providing systematic insight into the composition and expression of transfer RNA (tRNA) derivative transcription in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).Methods tRNA derivative expression profiles in three pairs of HGSOC and adjacent normal ovarian tissues were conducted by tRNA-derived small RNA fragment (tRF) and tRNA half (tiRNA) sequencing. The differentially expressed tRFs and tiRNAs between HGSOC and paired adjacent normal samples were screened. The targeted genes of differentially expressed tRFs and tiRNAs were screened. The Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) of target genes of tRFs and tiRNAs were analyzed.Results There are a total of 20 significantly upregulated and 15 significantly downregulated tRFs and tiRNAs between the cancer group and the paracarcinoma group. The upregulated tRFs and tiRNAs are mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, the glucagon signaling pathway, the AMPK signaling pathway, maturity-onset diabetes of the young, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, the insulin signaling pathway, insulin resistance, leukocyte transendothelial migration, starch, and sucrose metabolism. The downregulated tRFs and tiRNAs are other glycan degradation, vitamin digestion and absorption, fatty acid elongation, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.Conclusions There are significantly expressed tRFs and tiRNAs in HGSOC tissues, and these may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HGSOC.