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Physicians need to distinguish between pulmonary arteries and veins when diagnosing diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung tumors. However, manual differentiation is difficult due to various factors such as equipment and body structure. Unlike previous geometric methods of manually selecting the points of seeds and using neural networks for separation, this paper proposes a combined algorithm for pulmonary artery-vein separation based on subtree relationship by implementing a completely new idea and combining global and local information, anatomical knowledge, and two-dimensional region growing method. The algorithm completes the reconstruction of the whole vascular structure and the separation of adhesion points from the tree-like structure characteristics of blood vessels, after which the automatic classification of arteries and veins is achieved by using anatomical knowledge, and the whole process is free from human intervention. After comparing all the experimental results with the gold standard, we obtained an average separation accuracy of 85%, which achieved effective separation. Meanwhile, the time range could be controlled between 40 s and 50 s, indicating that the algorithm has good stability.

A Pulmonary Artery-Vein Separation Algorithm Based on the Relationship between Subtrees Information